PART 1: WHAT ARE PARTS OF SPEECH?
In English, every word belongs to a category. These categories are called parts of speech. There are 8 main parts of speech:
No. -->Part of Speech --->Role / Job
1 -->Noun -->Names a person, place, thing, or idea
2 -->Pronoun -->Replaces a noun
3 --->Verb --->Shows action or state
4 --- >Adjective---> Describes a noun/pronoun
5 --->Adverb --->Describes a verb/adjective/another adverb
6 -->Preposition --->Shows the relationship between a noun and another word
7 ---->Conjunction --->Connects words, phrases, or clauses
8 --->Interjection --->Expresses emotions or sudden feelings
PART 2: HOW TO IDENTIFY PARTS OF SPEECH (WITH EXAMPLES)
Let's take this sample sentence:
> Wow! She quickly eats a tasty apple under the tree and smiles.
Let’s break it line by line:
Line 1: “Wow!”
It expresses sudden feeling.
Interjection.
Line 2: “She”
Refers to a girl/woman but doesn’t name her.
Pronoun (replaces a noun like "Riya").
Line 3: “quickly”
Describes how she eats.
Adverb (modifies the verb "eats").
Line 4: “eats”
Shows action.
Verb.
Line 5: “a tasty apple”
“apple” is a thing = Noun
“tasty” describes “apple” = Adjective
“a” is an article, but acts as a determiner with noun.
Line 6: “under the tree”
“tree” = place = Noun
“under” = shows position = Preposition
“the” = article/determiner
Line 7: “and”
Joins two actions: “eats” and “smiles”
Conjunction
8: “smiles”
Shows an action.
Verb
Summary of the sentence:
Word --->Part of Speech
Wow --->Interjection
She --->Pronoun
quickly --->Adverb
eats --->Verb
a --->Article (determiner)
tasty --->Adjective
apple---> Noun
under---> Preposition
the --->Article
tree --->Noun
and ---->Conjunction
smiles---> Verb
PART 3: HOW TO FORM SENTENCES (Structure)
Basic sentence structure:
Subject + Verb + Object + (extra info)
Example 1:
> Ravi plays cricket.
Ravi = Subject (Noun)
plays = Verb
cricket = Object (Noun)
Example 2:
> The girl sings beautifully on stage.
“The girl” = Subject (Noun phrase)
“sings” = Verb
“beautifully” = Adverb
“on stage” = Prepositional phrase
FORMULA TO FORM SENTENCES
Step --->What to add ---->Example
1 --->Start with a subject (noun/pronoun) --->He, Riya, The cat
2 -->Add a verb --->runs, eats, dances
3 -->Add an object or complement-->a mango, loudly, in the park
4 -->Add modifiers (adjective, adverb, preposition)--->quickly, under the table
Sentence:
> The smart boy reads a book silently.
Breakdown:
The smart boy = Noun phrase (with adjective)
reads = Verb
a book = Object
silently = Adverb
Final Tips to Identify Part of Speech
Clue--->Look for…---->Example
Who/what? --->Noun -->Dog, City
Replaces noun?---> Pronoun -->He, They
Action or state?--> Verb--> Run, Is
Describes noun?---> Adjective -->Big, Blue
How, when, where? -->Adverb -- Quickly, Today
Shows place/time?-- Preposition--> Under, Before
Joins? -->Conjunction -->And, But
Emotion word?---> Interjection---> Oh!, Wow!
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WHAT IS A SENTENCE?
A sentence is a group of words that:
1. Makes complete sense
2. Starts with a capital letter
3. Ends with a punctuation mark (like ., ?, or !)
A sentence must have at least:
Subject (who/what the sentence is about)
Verb (what the subject does or is)
Example 1:
Ravi eats.
Ravi = Subject
eats = Verb
It makes sense, so it is a sentence.
Example 2:
The dog barks.
The dog = Subject
barks = Verb
Complete sentence.
Not a sentence:
Running fast
This is just a phrase.
It doesn’t tell us who is running or why — so it's not a sentence.
BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE
The most basic sentence follows this structure:
Subject + Verb + Object
Sentence Building Formula
Step---> What to use--->Example
1--> Subject (Noun/Pronoun)--> Riya, He, The boy
2--> Verb (Action word)--> plays, runs, eats
3--> Object (Thing receiving the action) -->cricket, food, guitar
Example:
> Riya plays guitar.
Riya = Subject
plays = Verb
guitar = Object
Complete sentence
TYPES OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE (Parts of Speech) — with SIMPLE EXAMPLES
Let’s now go over each part of speech with easy examples.
1) Noun (Name of person, place, thing, idea)
Examples:
Ravi is a student.
I live in Hyderabad.
She has a pen.
Clue: Can you touch it or is it a name? It’s probably a noun.
2) Pronoun (Replaces a noun)
Examples:
He is smart. (instead of "Ravi")
She sings well.
They are friends.
Clue: If you use it instead of a name, it’s a pronoun.
3) Verb (Shows action or state)
Examples:
Birds fly.
She is happy.
I write letters.
Clue: Ask: “What is the subject doing?”
4) Adjective (Describes a noun)
Examples:
She has a beautiful dress.
It’s a big house.
The food is hot.
Clue: Ask: “What kind of...?”
5) Adverb (Describes verb/adjective/another adverb)
Examples:
He runs fast. (describes verb)
She sings very well. (modifies another adverb)
It is really hot. (modifies adjective)
Clue: Ask: “How?”, “When?”, “Where?”, “To what extent?”
6) Preposition (Shows relation of place/time/direction)
Examples:
The cat is under the table.
He arrived after lunch.
She lives near the market.
Clue: Shows where, when, direction.
7) Conjunction (Joins words/sentences)
Examples:
I like tea and coffee.
She is sad but strong.
Study hard or fail.
Clue: Joins two things.
8) Interjection (Sudden feeling or emotion)
Examples:
Wow! You did it.
Oh no! I forgot my book.
Yay! It's a holiday.
Clue: If it shows feeling and stands alone, it’s an interjection.
HOW TO FORM SENTENCES (With More Examples)
Sentence 1:
The boy runs.
Noun: boy
Verb: runs
Full sentence: Who? The boy. What action? runs.
Sentence 2:
She sings beautifully.
Pronoun: she
Verb: sings
Adverb: beautifully
How does she sing? beautifully
Sentence 3:
Ravi eats a tasty mango.
Noun: Ravi
Verb: eats
Object: mango
Adjective: tasty
What does Ravi eat? a tasty mango
Sentence 4:
The dog sleeps under the table.
Subject: The dog
Verb: sleeps
Prepositional Phrase: under the table
Where? under the table
Sentence 5:
Wow! That’s amazing.
Interjection: Wow!
Sentence: That’s amazing
Expressing feeling
Mini Exercise (Try to Identify the Parts of Speech):
> The little girl danced gracefully at the party.
Breakdown:
The little girl = Noun + Adjective
danced = Verb
gracefully = Adverb
at the party = Prepositional Phrase
Full sentence structure!
Sentence Part:
"The little girl"
We will now identify each word:
1. The
This is an article (also called a determiner)
It helps define the noun.
Example: The boy, a cat, an apple
2. little
This is an adjective
It describes what kind of girl.
It gives more information about the noun (size, color, shape, etc.).
Adjective = describing word
So, "little" is an adjective.
3. girl
This is a noun
It is the name of a person (a female child)
Noun = person, place, thing, or idea
So, "girl" is a noun.
Final Breakdown:
Word--- Part of Speech
The --Article
little ---Adjective
girl ---Noun
How to remember easily?
> Adjective + Noun = Described Thing
Like:
big house → big = adjective, house = noun
red apple → red = adjective, apple = noun
happy child → happy = adjective, child = noun
little girl → little = adjective, girl = noun
-->What is a Verb?
A verb shows action or state.
Examples:
run
eat
sing
is, are, was (state of being)
What is an Adverb?
An adverb describes/modifies:
a verb
an adjective
or another adverb
It tells how, when, where, how often, or to what extent an action happens.
Common adverb endings: -ly
(E.g., quickly, slowly, beautifully, happily)
Let's break your question into two parts:
1. Why is "beautifully" an adverb?
Let’s look at the sentence:
> She sings beautifully.
sings = verb (action)
beautifully = tells how she sings
So, beautifully is describing the verb "sings" → That makes it an adverb.
Clue: If a word tells how something is done → it’s usually an adverb
2. Why is "quickly" not a verb?
Let’s use "quickly" in a sentence:
> He runs quickly.
runs = verb (action)
quickly = tells how he runs
So, quickly is also an adverb, not a verb.
Even though “quickly” sounds like an action, it’s not doing the action — it is describing the verb (runs).
Final Comparison:
Word--- Part of Speech---- Reason
beautifully ----Adverb---- Describes how someone sings (a verb)
quickly -----Adverb---- Describes how someone runs (a verb)
run, sing---- Verb ----Show the actual action
Tip to Identify:
If the word tells how the action happens, and ends in -ly, it's almost always an adverb.
Examples to Practice:
Sentence---> Verb---> Adverb
She dances gracefully.--->dances--->gracefully
They work quickly.--->work--->quickly
He speaks politely.--->speaks--->politely
I eat slowly.--- >eat--->slowly
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