Day3-English(sentences -simple,compound,complex,paragraphs))

 What is a Simple Sentence?

A simple sentence has:

 One subject (who or what the sentence is about)

 One verb (action or state)

Optional: an object or extra info

 It expresses a complete idea

 Structure: Subject + Verb (+ Object/extra info)

Example 1:

Ravi eats.

🔹 Ravi = Subject (a noun – person)

🔹 eats = Verb (action)

This sentence makes complete sense

 Example 2:

The dog barks.

🔹 The dog = Subject

🔹 barks = Verb

One subject, one verb = simple sentence

Example 3:

She sings songs.

🔹 She = Subject (pronoun)

🔹 sings = Verb

🔹 songs = Object (noun – what she sings)

 Complete idea = Simple sentence

 Example 4:

Birds fly in the sky.

🔹 Birds = Subject

🔹 fly = Verb

🔹 in the sky = Prepositional phrase (extra info)

 Still a simple sentence – only one main clause

 Example 5:

I like ice cream.

 I = Subject (pronoun)

 like = Verb

 ice cream = Object (noun)

 It makes complete sense = Simple sentence

 Why are these called Simple Sentences?

Because:

Only one subject and one verb

No joining of two sentences

No dependent clauses (like "because", "when", etc.)

 SUMMARY of SIMPLE SENTENCES:

Sentence Subject Verb Object/Extra Info

Ravi eats.-- Ravi --eats —

The dog barks.-- The dog-- barks —

She sings songs. --She --sings --songs

Birds fly in the sky.-- Birds-- fly --in the sky (preposition)

I like ice cream. --I --like --ice cream

Now we move to PART 2: COMPOUND SENTENCES

 What is a Compound Sentence?

A compound sentence has:

 Two independent clauses (simple sentences)

 Joined by a conjunction like:

and, but, or, so, yet

 Structure: Simple Sentence + Conjunction + Simple Sentence

 Example 1:

Ravi plays cricket and Riya watches TV.

🔹 Ravi plays cricket = simple sentence 1

🔹 Riya watches TV = simple sentence 2

🔹 and = conjunction (joins both)

 This is a compound sentence.

 Example 2:

She was tired but she finished her work.

🔹 1st clause: She was tired

🔹 2nd clause: She finished her work

🔹 Joined by: but

 Two complete thoughts = compound sentence

 Example 3:

You can come with me or you can stay home.

🔹 Two full sentences:

You can come with me

You can stay home

🔹 Joined by: or

 Compound sentence

Why are these called Compound Sentences?

Because:

They contain two complete sentences

Joined using coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS):

FANBOYS =

> For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

 SUMMARY of COMPOUND SENTENCES:

Sentence Clause 1 Conjunction Clause 2

Ravi plays cricket and Riya watches TV. Ravi plays cricket-- and ---Riya watches TV

She was tired but she finished her work. She was tired --but ---she finished her work

You can come or you can stay. You can come-- or --you can stay

-Now we move to PART 3: COMPLEX SENTENCES

 What is a Complex Sentence?

A complex sentence has:

One main (independent) clause

One or more dependent clauses

Uses words like: because, when, if, although, since

 Structure:

Main Clause + Dependent Clause

or

Dependent Clause + Main Clause

 Example 1:

I stayed home because it was raining.

🔹 Main clause: I stayed home

🔹 Dependent clause: because it was raining

 Complex sentence

 Example 2:

When the bell rang, the students left.

🔹 Dependent clause: When the bell rang

🔹 Main clause: the students left

 Complete meaning + a condition = Complex

 Example 3:

Although he was tired, he finished the project.

🔹 Dependent: Although he was tired

🔹 Main: he finished the project

 One complete idea with one supporting idea = Complex

 Why are these called Complex Sentences?

Because:

They mix one main idea and one supporting idea

The supporting part cannot stand alone

SUMMARY of COMPLEX SENTENCES:

Sentence Main Clause Dependent Clause

I stayed home because it was raining. --I stayed home--- because it was raining

When the bell rang, the students left. --the students left --When the bell rang

Although he was tired, he finished the project.---- he finished the project --Although he was tired

FINAL QUICK RECAP:

Type Structure Example

Simple --1 Subject + 1 Verb--- Ravi eats lunch.

Compound --2 Simple sentences + Conjunction ----She ran fast and he followed.

Complex-- 1 Main + 1 Dependent clause-- I went home because I was tired.

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WHAT IS A PARAGRAPH?

And on what basis it is formed using everything we’ve learned — explained line by line, in a simple, clear, and easy manner.

Step 1: What is a Paragraph?

 A paragraph is a group of sentences that talk about one main idea.

It’s not just one sentence. It’s usually 3 to 6 sentences (sometimes more) that are connected and stay on one topic.

 Example Paragraph:

> My Pet Dog

I have a pet dog named Bruno.

He is very friendly and playful.

He loves to run in the garden and catch the ball.

I feed him every day and take care of him.

I love Bruno very much.

 This paragraph talks only about the dog.

All sentences are connected.

 It has a beginning, middle, and end.

Step 2: Parts of a Paragraph

We build a paragraph in 3 parts:

Part What it does Example

1 Topic Sentence Introduces the main idea I have a pet dog named Bruno.

2 Body Sentences Gives details, examples, reasons He is very friendly. He loves to run…

3 Conclusion Finishes the idea or adds a final thought I love Bruno very much.

 Step 3: On What Basis We Build Paragraphs (using Parts of Speech & Sentence Types)

Let’s now understand how we use everything learned:

 1. Nouns – to tell WHO or WHAT the paragraph is about

> e.g., dog, school, family, book, friend

 2. Pronouns – to avoid repeating nouns

> e.g., he, she, it, they

3. Verbs – to show actions

> e.g., runs, eats, plays, studies

 4. Adjectives – to describe nouns

> e.g., friendly dog, beautiful garden

 5. Adverbs – to describe actions

> e.g., runs quickly, speaks politely

 6. Prepositions – to show location/time

> e.g., in the park, at school, on the bed

 7. Conjunctions – to join ideas

> e.g., and, but, so, because

 8. Sentence types – mix of:

Simple sentences

Some compound sentences

Maybe one complex sentence

 Step-by-Step Paragraph Building (Line-by-Line)

Let’s build a paragraph line by line, using all the above.

Topic: My School

-Line 1: Start with a Topic Sentence

> I study at Green Valley School.

 Noun: school

Verb: study

Clear topic

Line 2: Describe your school

> It is a big and beautiful place.

 Pronoun: It

 Adjectives: big, beautiful

Line 3: Add action/details

> The teachers teach us well and help us in every subject.

 Verb: teach, help

 Conjunction: and

Simple + compound sentence

 Line 4: Add more activities

> We play games in the ground during break time.

Verb: play

Preposition: in the ground, during

Adverb: during break time

Line 5: Conclude with your feeling

> I love my school because it makes me feel happy.

 Conjunction: because

 Complex sentence

 Personal opinion

 Final Paragraph:

> My School

I study at Green Valley School.

It is a big and beautiful place.

The teachers teach us well and help us in every subject.

We play games in the ground during break time.

I love my school because it makes me feel happy.

 Summary: On What Basis Paragraphs Are Formed

Basis Used How

Topic Sentence Introduces main idea clearly

Parts of Speech Build meaningful and rich sentences

Sentence Types Use simple, compound, complex forms

Coherence & Unity All lines talk about the same topic

Flow (Line-by-line logic) Each sentence adds to the previous

I'll give you topics — you write a paragraph:

 Topics:

1. My Best Friend

2. A Day at the Park

3. My Favorite Festival

4. A Rainy Day

1. Paragraph: My Best Friend (Line-by-line)

 Line 1 (Topic sentence):

My best friend's name is Arjun.

Introduces the topic (noun: Arjun)

 Line 2 (Description):

He is very smart, kind, and helpful.

 Adjectives: smart, kind, helpful

 Line 3 (Activities together):

We play cricket every evening and also study together.

Verb: play, study

Conjunction: and

Adverb: every evening

 Line 4 (Helpful nature):

When I have a doubt, he explains it to me patiently.

Complex sentence

Adverb: patiently

Clause: When I have a doubt

 Line 5 (Conclusion):

I feel lucky to have Arjun as my best friend.

 Personal opinion, final line

Final Paragraph:

> My Best Friend

My best friend's name is Arjun.

He is very smart, kind, and helpful.

We play cricket every evening and also study together.

When I have a doubt, he explains it to me patiently.

I feel lucky to have Arjun as my best friend.

2. Paragraph: A Day at the Park (Line-by-line)

Line 1 (Topic):

Last Sunday, I went to the park with my family.

Nouns: Sunday, park, family

Verb: went

 Line 2 (Description):

The weather was pleasant and the park was full of people.

Adjective: pleasant

 Compound sentence: joined with and

 Line 3 (What you did):

I played on the swings, ran on the grass, and clicked pictures.

Verb list: played, ran, clicked

---

🔹 Line 4 (Feelings):

I felt so happy because I love spending time outdoors.

 Complex sentence using "because"

Verb: love

Adverb: happily (implied)

Line 5 (Conclusion):

That day at the park was truly memorable.

Closing line with opinion

 Final Paragraph:

> A Day at the Park

Last Sunday, I went to the park with my family.

The weather was pleasant and the park was full of people.

I played on the swings, ran on the grass, and clicked pictures.

I felt so happy because I love spending time outdoors.

That day at the park was truly memorable.

 3. Paragraph: My Favorite Festival (Line-by-line)

 Line 1 (Topic):

My favorite festival is Diwali.

 Clear start: introduces the main idea

 Line 2 (Description):

It is the festival of lights and happiness.

 Noun: lights

Abstract noun: happiness

 Line 3 (Activities):

We clean our house, decorate with lamps, and wear new clothes.

Verbs: clean, decorate, wear

 Adjective: new

 Line 4 (Celebration):

At night, we light diyas and burst crackers joyfully.

Preposition: at night

Adverb: joyfully

- Line 5 (Conclusion):

I enjoy Diwali because it brings joy and togetherness.

Complex sentence: "because"

Noun: joy, togetherness

 Final Paragraph:

> My Favorite Festival

My favorite festival is Diwali.

It is the festival of lights and happiness.

We clean our house, decorate with lamps, and wear new clothes.

At night, we light diyas and burst crackers joyfully.

I enjoy Diwali because it brings joy and togetherness.

 4. Paragraph: A Rainy Day (Line-by-line)

 Line 1 (Topic):

Yesterday, it rained heavily in our town.

 Verb: rained

Adverb: heavily

Line 2 (Atmosphere):

The sky was dark and full of clouds.

 Adjectives: dark, full

 Line 3 (Activities):

I stayed inside the house and watched cartoons with hot snacks.

 Compound sentence

Noun: cartoons, snacks

 Line 4 (Observation):

The children were playing in the puddles outside.

Prepositional phrase: in the puddles

 Line 5 (Conclusion):

Even though I stayed indoors, I really enjoyed the rainy day.

 Complex sentence using Even though

Final Paragraph:

> A Rainy Day

Yesterday, it rained heavily in our town.

The sky was dark and full of clouds.

I stayed inside the house and watched cartoons with hot snacks.

The children were playing in the puddles outside.

Even though I stayed indoors, I really enjoyed the rainy day.

 FINAL RECAP: Paragraph Formation Basis

Step What it Includes

Topic Sentence Starts with clear idea (noun + verb)

Body Sentences Use adjectives, adverbs, prepositions

Mixed Sentences--- Include simple, compound, and complex

Parts of Speech ---All 8 types: noun, verb, adjective, etc.

Logical Flow ----One idea connected line by line

Conclusion ---Finishes with feeling or final opinion

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BUILD SENTENCES USING THE WORD BANK

🔸 Word Bank:

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs  Prepositions

boy --runs-- tall --fast --on

girl reads happy slowly in

teacher sings clever loudly under

dog writes little quickly near

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VERB + ADVERB PAIR PRACTICE

Let’s practice combining verbs with suitable adverbs.

🔹 Match the pairs:

Verb Adverb Full Sentence Example

run --quickly --He runs quickly.

speak --politely --She speaks politely.

write --neatly-- Riya writes neatly.

cry --loudly --The baby cries loudly.

walk --slowly-- Grandma walks slowly.

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What is an Adjective?

An adjective is a word that:

> Describes or gives more information about a noun (person, place, thing).

It tells us:

What kind? (big, beautiful, red)

How many? (two, many, few)

Which one? (this, that, these)

 Step 2: What is a Noun?

A noun is a name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

Example nouns:

boy, dog, school, house, car

-Step 3: What do "big" and "beautiful" do?

Let’s look at this sentence:

> It is a big and beautiful house.

Now break it:

house = noun (thing)

big = tells size of the house

beautiful = tells appearance or quality of the house

So,

"big" describes the noun → adjective

"beautiful" describes the noun → adjective

 Step 4: Real Examples:

Sentence Noun Adjective(s) Why it's an adjective

I live in a big house. house big tells the size of the house

She has a beautiful smile. smile beautiful tells the quality of the smile

They bought a red car. car -red -tells the color of the car

He is a smart boy. boy smart tells the nature of the boy

We ate two mangoes. mangoes- two-- tells the quantity of mangoes

Easy Trick to Know if It's an Adjective:

Ask yourself:

> "Is this word describing a noun?"

If yes → It's an adjective

If it tells size, color, shape, quality, number → It's an adjective

 Final Test:

Let’s test “big” and “beautiful”:

Word What does it describe? Describes a noun? Is it an adjective?

big --size --yes (house) -- Yes

beautiful --appearance/quality --yes (house/smile) --Yes

In Short:

Word Part of Speech Why?

big Adjective Describes the size of a noun

beautiful Adjective Describes the quality of a noun

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